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Knee replacement surgery ranks among the most commonly performed orthopedic procedures, offering relief to thousands suffering from joint pain and limited mobility. For those facing chronic discomfort and restricted movement, this surgical intervention can be life-changing.
Similar to hip replacements, which typically last about two hours, knee replacement surgery generally takes one to two hours to complete. Although patients will experience some temporary pain during recovery, advances in surgical techniques, implants, and pain control have made significant improvements in the process. Many patients return home the same day as their procedure, with outpatient surgery proving both safe and satisfying.
Before and after knee replacement surgery, understanding what to expect plays a crucial role in achieving optimal results. With proper preparation and following proven recovery strategies, patients can navigate their knee replacement surgery recovery with greater confidence and potentially better outcomes.
Knee replacement surgery essentially involves replacing damaged portions of the knee joint with artificial parts made of metal and plastic. This procedure, also called knee arthroplasty, resurfaces the knee joint damaged by arthritis or injury to relieve pain and restore function.
The surgery comes in different forms based on the extent of damage. In total knee replacement, surgeons replace all three compartments of the knee: the medial (inside), lateral (outside), and patellofemoral (under the kneecap). This option works best when multiple areas of the knee are damaged.
Conversely, partial knee replacement addresses only the damaged compartment while preserving healthy areas. This less invasive approach offers several advantages including faster recovery, shorter hospital stays (1-2 days compared to 3-4 days for total replacements), and more natural knee feeling since the ACL remains intact.
The surgical process involves four primary steps: preparing the bone by removing damaged cartilage and some underlying bone; positioning metal implants; resurfacing the patella if necessary; and inserting a plastic spacer between components to create a smooth gliding surface.
Knee replacement procedures typically take between 1-2 hours to complete and the average age for knee replacement is 70 years old, but improving technology has made it increasingly common among younger patients as well.
Preparing properly for knee replacement surgery significantly improves recovery outcomes and reduces complications. First, schedule a pre-operative assessment in which your doctor will evaluate your health and advise on medication adjustments. Many medications must be stopped several days before surgery, particularly blood thinners, NSAIDs, and certain supplements.
Strengthening your body prior to surgery is equally important. Research shows that pre-surgical exercises can lead to faster recovery times and reduce the likelihood of needing inpatient rehabilitation. Low-impact activities like swimming, stationary biking, and walking are particularly beneficial.
Modifying your home environment is crucial for a safer recovery:
Additionally, arrange for someone to drive you home after surgery and stay with you for several days. Many patients benefit from stopping smoking at least four weeks before surgery, as this can help speed recovery.
Moreover, schedule any needed dental procedures at least six weeks before surgery, as oral bacteria can potentially infect your new joint.
The journey to recovery begins immediately after knee replacement surgery. Many patients start walking within 24 hours of the procedure, which helps prevent complications like blood clots and improves circulation to the knee.
Effective pain management remains crucial throughout recovery. Your doctor will likely recommend a combination of prescription medications, over-the-counter NSAIDs, and acetaminophen. Taking pain medication 30-45 minutes before physical therapy sessions can make exercises more manageable.
For swelling reduction, regularly elevate your leg above heart level and apply ice packs for 20 minutes, followed by a 20-minute break. Compression stockings can further help reduce swelling for at least two weeks.
Physical therapy constitutes the cornerstone of successful recovery. Most patients need to exercise 20-30 minutes daily, gradually progressing from assistive devices to independent walking. By weeks 2-3, many patients can transition to a cane, and by 4-6 weeks, walk unassisted for over 10 minutes.
Contact your doctor immediately if you experience:
Most patients achieve substantial improvement within 6 weeks, though complete recovery typically takes about a year.
